满载而归
归国留学生怎么样成为中国改革的生力军
成千上万在美国学习过的中国人是中国迅速改革经济的生力军。 伴随改革的成功进行，受过西方教育的中国人开始寻求高级政府工作。 留学生回国最大的影响在于加快中国的开放节奏，引入更多的新观念。 归国的留学生或许会对将来中国的进步产生重大影响。
[1]Edward Tian said good-bye to Lubbock, Tex., his pickup1 truck, horseback riding, and seven years of studying broom snakeweed to return to Beijing in 1995. He took home a Texas Tech University doctorate2 in range management and a small Internet software company that he co-founded in Dallas. Now the company, Asia info, has $50 million in annual sales and 400 employees and is building much of Chinas Internet backbone3. I wanted to do something to change peoples lives in the next five years, not the next 200 years, says Tian, now 35.
[1]爱德华田告别了得克萨斯州拉伯克市，告别了他的轻型小货车，告别了纵马驰骋的时光，告别研究了7年的金雀花生肖蛇草专业，于1995年回到北京。他带回来的不只有得州理工大学牧场管理学博士学位，还有一个小型网络软件公司棗亚洲信息公司。这是他与其他人合伙在达拉斯创立的。现在该企业的年销售额已高达5000万USD，拥有400名雇员，并且在中国因特网的进步中成为骨干力量。今年35岁的田博士说：我想做些具体事来尽快改变大家的生活质量，力争在将来5年之内而不是将来漫长的200年。
[2]Tens of thousands of Chinese who studied in the U.S. have the same idea. Mostly in their 30s and 40s, they are the new dynamos in Chinas fast-reforming economy. Many, like Tian, are starting entrepreneurial companies. Some are running economics departments at major Chinese schools. Others are advising banks, stock markets, and government ministries4 how to adapt to the global economy.
[2]成千上万在美国学习过的中国人都有同样的看法。他们大多三四十岁，是中国迅速变革经济的生力军。很多人像田博士那样已开始创建企业或公司；有的人回到了中国重点大学的经济系任教；另外一些人则当起了银行、股票市场和政府部门的顾问，就怎么样与世界经济接轨提出积极建议。
3]The returnees come back with much more than salable5 skills. They have a grasp of how the outside world works that stay-at-home Chinese dont. Massachusetts Institute of Technology doctoral physicist6 Charles Zhang, 33, for example, is trying to steer7 Beijing away from the heavy-handed state planning used by South Korea and Japan. The entrepreneurial, market-driven approach is what makes good technology, he says.
[3]回国者带回来的不止是畅销的技能。他们熟谙美国和世界其他国家的运作方法，而这正是很多未出国门的人所欠缺的。今年33岁的查尔斯张（张朝阳）是美国麻省理工学院物理学博士，现在正在试图使中国摆脱韩国和日本曾实行过的沉旧的国家计划体制。他说：只有通过富有革新的、以市场为动力的渠道才能促进技术的进步。
[4]Furthermore, Zhang and people like him open new private channels between the U.S. and China. His company, Internet Technologies China Inc., is a gateway8 into China for U.S. and other foreign companies. Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard, Motorola, and Ericsson, for instance, all advertise on ITCs Web site, one of the most popular in China with 280,000 hits per day.
[4]除此之外，张朝阳与很多像他那样的人正在发展中美之间新的民间交流途径。张朝阳的公司爱特信公司是美国和其他外国公司进入中国的门户之一。Microsoft、惠普、摩托罗拉和爱立信等公司都在爱特信网页上刊登广告。爱特信企业的网页已成为中国最受青睐的网页之一，每天访问者达28万人次。
[5]Even more important, outfits9 such as Zhangs are a promising10 new way of piping foreign investment into China. Traditionally, such inflows have been filtered through clumsy and one-sided joint11 ventures in which foreigners have few rights. ITC, however, was set up with $225,000 in seed money from MIT professors, including Nicholas Negro Ponte, founding director of the MIT Media Laboratory and co-founder of Wired magazine. Zhang received $2 million more investment from Intel Corp. And other U.S. companies in March.
[5]更要紧的是，类似张所创办的公司也是一个吸引更多外资流入中国的要紧渠道。传统的外资注入途径主如果合资企业方法，而那些合资企业则总是不是非常灵活，外国投资方也没什么权利。然而，爱特信公司22.5万USD的创建费就来自麻省理工学院教授们的风险基金，其中包含麻省理工学院媒体实验室开创者、《连结》杂志的创办人之一尼可拉斯尼葛罗庞帝。今年3月，张朝阳还从英特尔公司和其他几家美国公司获得了200万USD的投资。
[6]China needs more than entrepreneurial drive, however. Rebuilding the superstructure of a modern market economy is essential. Returnees such as former New York Stock Exchange economist12 Wang Boming, 42, are key architects in the restoration. For a fraction of his Wall Street salary, he joined a team to set up Chinas new stock exchanges in 1988. These days, he is a publisher trying to educate people how to manage their wealth.
[6]然而，中国需要的不止是开始性的工作，而且要紧的是需要重新打造合适现代市场经济的上层建筑。归国留学生是这一重建工程中的设计师。42岁的前纽约证券交易平台经济学家王波明（音译）于1988年回国，与别的人一块担负起打造中国新的证券交易平台的任务。而他的薪资只不过他在华尔街任职时的零头。现在他是一位出版商，正在试图教大家如何投资理财。
[7]As reforms succeed, Western-educated Chinese will start to move into senior government jobs. Zhang Xiang, 57, armed with a PhD in economics from New Yorks Columbia University, became vice-minister at the Foreign Trade Economic Cooperation Ministry13 this year. He may be able to avoid Sino-U.S. misunderstandings.
[7]伴随改革的成功进行，受过西方教育的中国人开始寻求高级政府工作。57岁的张翔（音译）是纽约哥伦比亚大学的经济学博士，今年被任命为中海外经贸部的副部长。他或许能使中美之间防止产生误解。
[8]The returnees biggest impact may be in opening up China to a flow of new ideas. U.S.-minted doctoral economists14 are remaking Chinas university departments. Leading the way is Beijing Universitys prestigious15 China Center for Economic Research. The Centers influence extends far beyond its campus. Faculty16, all Western-educated, are favorite invitees to panels debating economic policy. We try to provide an independent view to Chinese leaders, says Deputy Director Hai Wen, 46, a University of California at Davis alum.
[8]留学生回国最大的影响可能在于加快中国的开放节奏，引入更多的新思想。在美国获得博士学位的经济学家们正在对中国大学的教育体系进行大胆的改革。由具备西方学位的归国留学生组成的北京大学中国经济研究中心已成为这一改革的开路先锋。中国经济研究中心的影响力已远远超出了北大校园。中心的研究职员常常受邀出席经济问题研讨会，并颇受青睐。加州大学戴维斯分校的毕业生、46岁的中心副主任海文（音译）说：大家尽力给中国领导人提供一个独立的看法。
[9]Those from the the classes of 1998 and onward17 who do go home could have a dramatic impact on Chinas future. Their predecessors18 are getting things started, but they need all the help they can get.
[9]那些1998年毕业的中国留学生和他们的后来者回国后或许会对将来中国的进步产生重大影响。他们的前辈们正在开辟出一条道路，但他们需要得到所有可以得到的帮忙。