Spinachis a vegetable with large dark green leaves that you chop up and boil in waterbefore eating.

请问这个句子的 eating 后面是否漏掉了宾语 it?

即应该说成:

Spinach is a vegetable with large dark green leaves that you chop up and boil in water before eating .

你的句子 eating 后面加不加宾语it 都可以:

Spinach is a vegetable with large dark green leavesthat you chop up and boil in waterbefore eating . 菠菜是一种蔬菜,叶子非常大,呈深绿色,吃之前要把它切碎,放在水里煮熟。

有时英语的关系代词可以同时在两个结构中用作宾语,譬如你的句子,关系代词that既用作动词 chop up 和 boil 的宾语,同时也用作动名词 eating 的宾语,但动名词后面带上宾格代词也可以(即这个it 可以省略可也可保留)。这种使用方法多见于定语从句连用 after /before / without 等介词后面接动名词的场所。又如:

It has a thick stem that you boil in water before eating . 它的茎非常粗,吃之前要把它煮熟。

Pills are small solid round masses of medicine thatyou swallow without chewing . 药片是一种形状非常小的圆形固体药物,不需要咀嚼就能吞下。