Another concern by repunlicans is that, a slim democractic majority could tighten its hold on power by abolishing the electoral college,
the indirect presidential voting system, that favors republican leaning rural states, wins in the electoral college awarded the
presidency in 2016 to Donald Trump.
1) 我添加了and then, 对吗？还是只能添加副词then ?
2) 在 that favors republican leaning rural states 中，这个leaning是由动词lean倾斜加了ing演变过来，用了抽象意义。请教老师，这里的leaning是目前分词，还是动名词？为何？
若是目前分词，则好像句意是：那样有益于倾斜农村州的共和党。
若是动名词，那样republican是动名词的逻辑主语，好像应该翻译为：那样有益于共和党倾向农村州。
麻烦老师剖析到底如何呢？
很感谢！
lean作“倾向于”解时，为不及物动词。假如把leaning剖析为动名词，则动名词复合结构republican leaning 没办法后接名词 rural states。所以排除动名词。
合成词的构词法之一，就是分词+介词短语作状语的结构，可以省略介词，把介词的宾语移至分词前，构成名词+分词的合成形容词。比如：
the food made at home = home made food
the satellite made by man= man made satellite
the ship going to ocean.=the ocean going ship
a boy dreaming at day = a day dreaming boy
所以，rural states which lean toward republicans = rural states leaning toward republicans = republican leaning rural states. 其中，republican leaning为目前分词成的合成形容词，作rural states的定语。